Shloka : 158
राज्याङ्गोपायषड्वर्गा ज्ञेयास्तीर्थानि चाञ्जसा ।
व्यवहारविद: सभ्या दण्डयादण्डयाश्च लक्षणै: ॥ 158 ॥
અને તે રાજા-તેમણે રાજ્યનાં જે સાત અંગ તથા ચાર ઉપાય તથા છ ગુણ, તે જે તે, લક્ષણે કરીને યથાર્થપણે જાણવાં. અને તીર્થ જે 'ચાર' મોકલ્યાનાં સ્થાનક તથા વ્યવહારના જાણનારા જે સભાસદ તથા દંડવાયોગ્ય જે માણસ તથા દંડવાયોગ્ય નહિ એવા જે માણસ,- એ સર્વને લક્ષણે કરીને યથાર્થપણે જાણવા. ॥ 158 ॥
And the king should know the seven limbs, four remedies and six virtues about his kingdom, properly alongwith their characteristics. And he should know the 'Teerth' which are the places to be spied upon, his courtiers who are wise people, the people who deserve punishment and the people who are innocent all these, properly and alongwith their characteristics. || 158 ||
Commentary
A king, who is devoted to Shri Hari, should know about his seven limbs which are the king himself, minister, priest, incharge of law and justice, treasure kingdom, fort and the army; and should punish those who commit an offence against these seven limbs. The four remedies are 'Saam' i.e. to explain politely and affectionately, 'Daam' i.e. to offer a favour, 'Dand' i.e. to punish and 'Bhed' i.e. to separate two persons by creating conflict among them. These should be used as per the requirement. And the fifth remedy is to ignore someone who is not co-operative. This should be practiced when none of the above works. Moreover, the six virtues are 'Sandhi' i.e. to compromise; 'Vigrah' i.e. to create disturbance through robbery, fire etc. among the enemies; 'Yaan' i.e. to fight against the enemies; 'Dwaidhibhav' i.e. to divide the opposite army into two parts or to compromise with the powerful and to fight against the weak etc.; 'Samashraya' i.e. to surrender to a powerful king when the enemies create trouble; 'Sthan' i.e. to retreat due to loss of strength to the fort etc. safe place to wait for the appropriate time. These six virtues should be studied properly.
And the places which are to be spied upon are the commander-in-chief of one’s own army, door keeper, instructor who shows the path to army, the chief of queen’s residence, chief of jail, money-lender who finances legal-illegal affairs in the kingdom, chief of security guards who protect the towns, supervisors who make payments to the employees, chief preceptor, chief justice, executor of punishments, chief minister of the kingdom, security guard of the fort, security guard of forests as well as ministers of opposition. The minister of one’s own party, crown-prince and the priest should not be spied upon.
The king should appoint the courtiers with following characteristics: Those who have listened to many religions from the scholars of various religions and studied scriptures, who know the essence of the religion, who speak truth, who feel emberassed to behave in improper manner, whose senses are under control, compassionate. 'Arjav' means straightforward due to harmony among their thoughts, words and action, who has balanced approach towards friends and enemies, hence capable of discussing the matters of justice and injustice appropriately.
Those, who do not follow the code of conduct, who is a hypocrite, who are offending towards virtuous people and God-realized saints, who trouble the weak, and who cross the limits set by the king; all these deserve punishment. The Brahmins who follow code of conduct, ‘weak’ i.e. having slender body due to old age or some disease, ascetics, saints, devotees, pious poeple as well as parents and Guru - all these do not deserve punishment. Moreover, a king should be able to discriminate about collection of taxes i.e. from whom to collect and from whom not to collect.